Determining The Main Cause Of Criminal Behavior - 1569 Words

Determining the main cause of criminal behaviour in an individual’s is all about nature and nurture. Is a person s genetic makeup what makes a criminal or is it the environment? Crime can be defined in many different ways; different societies all over the world choose to define crimes differently. Poverty and crime have a very close relationship. The UN and the / World Bank have crime listed as one of the obstacles to tackle a country’s development. Countries and governments that are dealing with poverty often also have to tackle the issue of crime as they try to develop their country’s economy and society. A particular social problem like those categorized as economic problems can aggravate other problems such as drug abuse, unemployment, closure of family structures and crimes. Poverty, an economic problem is seen as a factor that triggers the occurrence of other social problem such as crimes. Poverty has been considered to be an important factor in predicting the variation in city crime rates. Communities with greater poverty rates are seen to lack resources for supervision of youth and community organisations. History has proven that crime and poverty have a direct link and that they go hand in hand. Even though poverty and crime have such a big relation there are many other factors which I have researched that are causes of crime including Racism, Media, Overpopulation, Politics, inherited genes and hormones. Within the U.S. there are around 15.3 million childrenShow MoreRelatedPolicies Of The Criminal Justice System898 Words   |  4 Pageswhile performing duties. This is one of many reasons why the criminal justice system has created detailed policies to be obeyed and performed. Although, these policies have been set place to protect and serve there are still policies that need improvements, such as stop and frisk. When looking into the policy stop and frisk has aspects similar to labeling theory. Labeling theory was created to reduce crime by labeling offenders as criminals, ex-felons or jailbirds as a result of this deterrence methodRead MoreThe Underlying Cause Of Criminal s Minds And How They Are Developed1383 Words   |  6 PagesFor decades’ investigations and detailed studies have been conducted in order to discover the underlying causes of criminal’s minds and how they are developed. Through the years, criminologists have created theories that attempt to prove wh y criminals commit unlawful acts. At the start of the research it was thought that criminals are developed biologically through genes and hormones. As continued studies were conducted, criminologists decided that psychological reasoning is more efficient in explainingRead MoreA Case About A Female Jogger1386 Words   |  6 PagesEyewitness misidentification is the leading cause of error cases like these face. Eyewitness psychologists play a vital role in identifying the mistakes of eyewitnesses and trying to diminish the error. To continue, before a police investigator does a highly confrontational interrogation, they have to do an evaluation of the suspect to determine if they are innocent or guilty. They do that by performing an information-gathering interview. At times, determining if a suspect is guilty or innocent, policeRead MoreIntroduction: There are many theories that attempt to explain the phenomenon of juvenile1000 Words   |  4 Pagesthat attempt to explain the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and the factors that cause it. There is, and has been, a great amount of young people who engage in delinquent behavior throughout the nation and worldwide. What exactly is the catalyst that incites these young people to commit crime and stray from the ethical norm established in society? Are all youth susceptible to the temptation of deviant behavior or is it just some? Theories suggest different possible etiologies, which include: socialRead MoreEthics And The Criminal Justice System961 Words   |  4 Pagesdaily interactions with others, to the work force, in every profession. This paper will define the use of ethics in the criminal justice system. As well as the difference between ethics in life and law, why the need for equal treatment of all people in the criminal justice system, and what safeguards are provided by the criminal procedure to ensure there are ethics in the criminal justice system. The term ethics has a more in depth connotation then one would think, the simple definition of ethicsRead MoreRational Choice Theory: Criminology901 Words   |  4 PagesChoice theory was born out of the perspective of crime causation which states that criminality is the result of conscious choice. This theory is also known as the rational choice theory. According to this theory, the choice whether or not to commit a criminal act is the result of a rational thought process that weighs the risks of paying the costs of committing a crime, against the benefits obtained. In other words, if the benefits--monetary or otherwise--outweigh the risks of sustaining the costs, suchRead MoreWhat Determines Criminal Behavior?1387 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermines criminal behavior? Are they born to be a natural born killer, is it in their genes, or is it a learned behavior? There are multiple factors resulting in criminal behavior, from genes to environmental factors. Although it is said and believed that criminal behavior is biologically determined there are even more learned or environmental factors that play a role in criminal behavior. There are four top social risk factors believed for the involvement of crime. Parental behavior plays a largeRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency and the Criminal Justice System1423 Words   |  6 PagesThere are so many issues facing our society today, especially in the criminal justice system. Within the criminal justice system, juvenile delinquency is an issue that I find the most overlooked and it is a problem that is growing, particularly in the poorer areas. The term juvenile delinquency refers to the antisocial or criminal activity under the age of 18 which violates the law. Everyone is affected by juvenile crime, parents, teachers, families and neighbors. It is essential that programs areRead MoreComparing Male And Female Juvenile Delinquency874 Words   |  4 Pagescrime as indicated by federal standards. They each served different length sentences in a detention center between 2004 and 2007 (Martin et al., 2008). The difference and similarities between male and female delinquents can be analyzed. By determining the basic psychological and behavioral profile of these juveniles, one can hope to gain a better insight on the characteristics and to identify future offenders. It can inferred that if these characteristics can be recognized, then it willRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime And Deviance1248 Words   |  5 Pageseven psychological troubles that can affect their day to day living. A child raised with an abrupt childhood and a child raised in a well-educated family are both likely to become future incarcerated individuals due to deviant behavior. Genetics has no role in determining criminality however social interaction with the world and individuals can be a leading factor in a person’s criminogenic nature. Crime within the world is indeed prevalent everywhere and is just as common as it was in the Victorian

Reasons for Pursuing a Masters Degree in Special Education

Reasons for pursuing a Masters degree in Special Education Effective special education teachers are supposed to be good humored and organized. They should be people capable of accepting their students the way they are, even tempered, confident, intuitive and thick-skinned, optimistic, and dedicated to their students. The teachers should also be creative with their teaching methods (Webster, 2012). The coming into force of President Bush No Child Left behind Act in 2001 made it a requisite for schools and teachers to be accountable for how well their students were learning. Students progress in reading, math, science, and other academic content could now be measured through standardized testing. Test scores have been broken down to show how specific racial and socio-economic groups are performing with a view to preventing schools from teaching to middle class white children and leaving behind children from other ethnicities (Boe Cook, 2006). Bushs NCLBA with regard to special education advocates for early intervention and learning in the early years. Children not currently enrolled in special education but will likely need it in the future are accorded funds through NCLB to develop early intervention services. No Child Left behind Act requires that special education teachers be qualified and highly trained to be able to meet the standards they set as there are no waivers in cases of emergency or provision to allow for personnel who are not licensed or qualifiedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Dietetic Intern Position at Mount Mary College805 Words   |  4 PagesI am writing to apply for a dietetic intern position at the Mount Mary College. After researching the entire dietetic internship (DI) programs on the Internet, I became very interested in pursuing a position in your dietetic internship. I am confident that it will provide me with a wide variety of practical hands-on experience and the valuable didactic training I n eed to be successful for my career goals. If given the opportunity, I am highly motivated to successfully complete the internship programRead MoreCurrent Freshman At California State University939 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatest mother anybody can ask for; she brings unity and structure to the family and is a great cook. My mother is the reason why I work hard every single day, she my motivation to be successful in life. She would always tell me, â€Å"Shoot for the moon. Even if you miss, you’ll land among the stars.†, and my interpretation of it was to pursue ambitious goals in life and for some reason, if I fail to achieve them, I might still accomplish other great thing in the process. I have taken this quote and appliedRead MoreTakinga Look at Social Workers989 Words   |  4 Pageswould be helping others. Everyone in this world is born for a reason and sometimes we are not able to discover what specifically brought us here. I was born to help others in those o f difficult times of needs. I was born to learn from others and inspire human beings to do better for themselves. One of my favorite quotes is by Danny Thomas, the founder of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. He once said â€Å"All of us are born for a reason, but all of us don’t discover why. Success has nothing to doRead MoreAmericas : The Victim Advocates1131 Words   |  5 Pagesor escape. Along with these responsibilities there are many other requirements to become an advocate of this magnitude. Most professional victim advocates have an associate’s degree, a bachelor’s or a master’s degree in psychology, criminal justice, social work, or education and some organizations require a master’s degree of some type. Unlike other careers, coursework is frequently coupled with intense practical training in social work. This is done because Victim Advocates must hone their listeningRead MoreOrganizational Resources Paper1491 Words   |  6 PagesSoutheast is facing a budget cut in excess of 4 million dollars. With that said, Southeast Online is completely self-funded. Students who take an online class are charged an online course fee. Additionally, students who are enrolled in an online degree program, pay an online tuition rate. Southeast Online is funded through a portion of these fees. While budget cuts are substantial overall, their direct im pact on Southeast Online has been related to challenges with adding additional staff due toRead MoreI Am Born With Multiple Birth Defects, Including A Cleft Palate1670 Words   |  7 Pagesneed several surgeries throughout my childhood. This experience introduced me to the medical field early on and started my passion for pursuing a career in the discipline. I came to University of South Florida as a pre-nursing student in the hopes of making in to the nursing program. I plan to apply to nursing school this spring and hope to continue my education to become a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, Pediatric Registered Nurse, or a Family Nurse Practitioner. Certified Registered NurseRead MoreMarine Science Undergraduate And Graduate Programs1415 Words   |  6 Pageson June 7, 2012. After this tremendous occasion the program made its way through the approval process. It was read and approved by the Advisory Committee on Academic Programs, Committee on Academic Affairs Licensing and the Commission on Higher Education (South Carolina CHE). The entire process took around two and a half years from the time it was just an idea to being fully approved (Dr. Roberts). Adding a new program to Coastal was time consuming but the addition will bring many advantages. UsRead MoreMy Statement of Purpose for a Masters Course in Management of Information Systems938 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Purpose Introduction The remarkable success of Kalpana Chawla is an inspiration to all Indian women, with special meaning to those involved in the study of math and science. Kalpanas untimely passing as part of the Challenger crew is a paradox for the world to understand, yet for her, a woman of remarkable intellect and clarity of vision, she passed doing what she loved: exploring, pushing the boundaries of space and furthering scientific discoveries. She is an inspiration andRead MoreReflection Of A Narrative Reflection1031 Words   |  5 Pagesspace. The graduation ceremony had a unique condition because the invited speaker was Juan’s former principal and mentor. This person was the individual who first approached Juan to think about pursuing a doctoral degree. Juan’s mentor was a Haitian-American who himself had received a doctorate in education. 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Major Life Event Development Through Life Free Essays

As people live their lives, they usually and often experience various life events that influence their lives. If people suddenly experience a major life change it is likely that they will feel stressed and out of control. For example both Gloria and have experienced life events that have changed their lives forever. We will write a custom essay sample on Major Life Event Development Through Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now These events can either be predicted or unpredicted and these events are explained below. Predictable events Parenthood: As was seen in the case study, Gloria was not married to Ted before she unexpectedly found herself pregnant. Fortunately she had a beautiful baby girl. However, she and her baby daddy Ted have had to cope with being parents. This means that they had to learn new parental skills which involve learning how to take care of their child. For example, Ted, although at first did not assume responsibility, had to changed his old previous lifestyle. That means that both of them have to be able to bond with their daughter, and their free time for going out and ‘hang out’ with friends are forever reduced, due to the arrival of Sunshine. Both Jason and Jasmine, Gloria’s parents and Lucy have experienced this life event; they had children. Retirement: During old age, usually at sixty five years of age, people are required to retire and leave their job, meaning that they no longer have any role in the society. Well some roles anyway. This also means that people may have more time for them-selves and their family as well as disengaging from work. At this point of people’s life, it may be hard for them to establish a new lifestyle, because they have worked all their lives – for Lucy, she had to join the bingo club. This also means that contacts with friends may be lost. On the other hand, Lucy, although is retired, still keeps active and has contact with people at her bingo as well as having a positive relationship with her family. Unpredictable events Illness or serious injury: It has been noted in the case study that Ted, as very young as he is at the age of twenty two, has been involved in motor bike accident, resulting to injury, leading to him lose his job. Due to this injury, it is obvious that Ted has to learn to cope, adapt and live with this physical change – changes may have included broken body parts, leading to disability, although the case didn’t mention that much. This may lead to Ted being depressed and feeling angry and wishing he was his old self. Many people who suffered serious injury – that leads to disability – may find it very hard to adapt to their situation. Bereavement: Due to the loss of their loved ones, people’s, both children and adult, physical, social and emotional lifestyle may change dramatically. People usually feel angry and depressed and are unable to cope with their losses. People who experience bereavement may lose dramatic weight due loss of apetite, they may not be able to concentrate, and their sleep may be disturbed. Research shows that children who experience bereavement are likely to develop psychiatric disorder in later childhood and are also likely to develop difficult behaviour. References: http://www. pearsonschoolsandfecolleges. co. uk ( accessed on the 31/10/12) How to cite Major Life Event Development Through Life, Essay examples

CSR Business Practices

Question: Write an essay onCorporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is includes the business practices that also incorporates benefits of the society. CSR increases long run benefits of the company and enables the company to attain sustainability in the business. The companies must put their effort not only to maximize their profits but also to have positive impact of its business on environment and social well-being. CSR has gained growing importance in the business management (Clapp and Rowlands 2014). Corporate Social Responsibility also receives specific attention in the field of sports industry. Professionalization of the many sports in last few decades indicates that some major sports event has become an industry itself, as these sports involve management and marketing as well (Chen et al. 2015). In this research, the focus will be on understanding the Corporate Social Responsibility in the Sporting industry in Australia, specifically on influence of Football or Soccer. The purpose of the research will be stated and significance will be identified. In addition to this, research questions will be formulated in this paper. This proposal will brief the literature, based on which research is based upon. It will also analyze the research methodology and discuss the ethical consideration. It will also brief the expected outcome of the research to be conducted. Focus of the study The purpose of the project is to identify the role of CSR in the Sports industry; and how it is gaining importance over the years. In this section, research questions will be formulated based on the research objectives as follows: To find out if soccer creates value through Corporate Social Responsibility and how sports-based companies view Corporate Social Responsibility To evaluate the significance relationship between performance of the Sports Company and CSR. Research Questions: a) Does Soccer create value through CSR? b) How do the sports-based companies view CSR?c) How much the Soccer clubs or national Football franchise spend on CSR?d) Is there any relationship between the performance of the company and Corporate Social Responsibility? Review Carroll has described the evolution of modern CSR and concept has diversified and developed on conceptual basis. The four dominating areas of the study of CSR are economic responsibility; legal responsibility; ethical responsibility and philanthropic responsibility (Cortsen 2013). In terms of economics, the sports teams have responsibility to earn profit. The sports franchises emphasize to earn profit that affects the economic development in the region. Professional sports teams have major influences on the city, in terms of employment generation. Scholars have noted that franchise or a sports team can bring other business into the city if the team improves the image of the area. Unlike traditional business, sports businesses are valued on their created revenues apart from cash flow and assets. The type of players the team can afford depends on the revenue (Kitzmueller and Shimshack 2012). Moreover, the operating structures of sports teams are different from traditional organizations . The sports leagues are mostly owned by corporations and some are owned by small partnership goals. Therefore, how the companies are making profits are the corporate responsibility of the sports franchise. The sports teams are also bound to follow laws and the regulations of state and federal government. The sports teams and the league corporations receive legal benefits because of their category. Hence, it is more important to follow all legal rules. Scholars have opined that sports laws have become a discipline because sports like Soccer produce million-dollar deals, in terms of player contracts; media usage and league revenues from gate receipts; club seats; advertising etc. These high stakes lead to legal issues in this industry (Ehie 2016). To maintain fair competition in each league, anti-trust laws are different. Issues like gambling for match fixing; trademark rights and doping are major in terms of legal responsibility of the sports industry. For players involvement in the illegal activities, organization is not responsible but activities of one player do have severe impact upon the team. Hence, it is crucial to incorporate legal responsibilities under CSR.Apart from economic and legal responsibility, sports companies should confined to maintain additional behaviors and activities that are not mandatorily codified. Ethical aspect includes fair play by the players and sportsmanship (Paramio-Salcines, Babiak and Walters 2013). Philanthropic responsibility of the sports industry incorporates cash donation to the NGOs, like, free tickets; sponsorship of some community event; volunteerism of the employees. Since, professional sports teams hold a high profile; philanthropic responsibility is important in order to succeed financially (Manimalar and Sudha 2016). It is empirically evident that professional teams are engaged in charities of millions of dollars. Hence, this aspect is incorporated under CSR. Sports clubs of Europe adopted CSR in order to achieve strategic organizational goals (Blumrodt, Bryson and Flanagan 2012). In the North America, CSR activities of the sports team are driven by internally and externally as well. The Scottish Premier League is significantly engaged in the CSR activity and this involvement is considered as motivation for the company (Hamil and Morrow 2011). In contrast, the Italian Serie A League is forth among European soccer leagues in terms of revenue but they have put less effort in the CSR activities (Picariello and Trendafilova 2012). At the global level, FIFA has also created CSR unit. This research will further find out the involvement of CSR in the sports industry and its relevance in the sports management. Research Methodology In order to answer the research question, it is required to explore Corporate Social Responsibility within the sports industry, specifically the influence of Soccer. To conduct this research, proper methodology is required to be adopted. Research Philosophy: The philosophy of this paper follows positivism, as this research relies only on the real facts and figures; and does not take into account any subjective facts like human interest and emotions. Research Approach: The approach of this research work is inductive in nature. This is because; here the research will be conducted to answer some specific research questions formulated in the beginning of the research process (Panneerselvam 2014).Research Design: The design of this paper is descriptive in nature. It does not aim to formulate any hypotheses from the findings. This kind of research work aims to answer some specific questions. It focuses on building the idea of the research topic. It tries to answer the questions like How; W hat; when rather than why. Data Collection Method: In order to find out the answers to the formulated question, both quantitative and qualitative data is to be collected. In order to find the value creation through CSR; spending of the Football franchises, the information will be in terms of numerical values. Therefore, the data will be quantitative in nature (Neuman and Robson 2012). The research is also based on qualitative data as to know the views of the sports based company about CSR, interviews are to be conducted with the owners of the sports franchises or with other members. These information are qualitative in nature that will help to describe the relevance of CSR in this industry.Data Type: The research is based on both primary data and secondary data. The figures of revenue or the spending on CSR can be obtained directly by enquiring the sports companies; this is primary in nature. However, the data might be available in the official websites of the companies or in other medium, which will be considered as secondary data. The relevance of CSR in sports management can be identified from several journal articles; research paper or books. The collected information through questionnaire is of primary in nature.Sampling: The quantitative data are collected through random sampling method. Some random sports franchises or companies of Australian Soccer have been chosen in order to collect their revenue through CSR and spending on CSR. Questionnaire has been provided at the time of interviews to collect the views of the sports companies of this country regarding Corporate Social Responsibility. Data Analysis: The collected quantitative data will be analyzed through statistical tools. As one of the research questions aims to find out the relationship between the performances of the sports-based companies, this will require to carry out an overall analysis. This will help to understand the statistical significance of CSR in performance of the sports business. Through collecting quantitative information, facts can be obtained and analyzed to answer the research problems. Ethical Consideration The research must consider addressing the ethical aspects. The data or information should not be hypothetical; it must be real. Otherwise, the finding will not be reliable. If the revenue and spending amount on CSR is collected from primary sources, research will not publish the values without the consent of the owners or the management and it will only analyze the values and interpret the results in the data analysis section. The individual response obtained from questionnaire or interviews must be kept confidential (Gajjar 2013). The secondary data that are obtained from other research papers on the same topic, will be addressed properly and will not be used or demanded as primary data. Expected Outcome It is expected that most of the sports based companies of Australia prefers CSR in their business practices. From the literature review, it has been identified that importance of CSR in the Sports industry is growing over time. Therefore, there can be positive relationship between CSR and performance of the company.Project Report:Corporate social responsibility in the Sporting industry in Australia: a focus on the influence of Football (Soccer)Introduction: The society is increasingly interested into engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and this is a very important area in the corporate sustainability on the public, business and research agenda. This is crucial for the business management and gained in the management discipline. CSR helps the organization to clarify their business ethics, acknowledge the expectation of the stakeholder and associate it to the benefit of the society (Plewa et al. 2015). CSR is an area where there is extensive literature is available on the internet. All professional degree holders and researchers they have agreed CSR is important for business as this would imply the variation in the understanding of the term , issues related to it and by whom it is applied(Mazodier et al. 2015). All the global industries are engaged in the development, discussion and implementation of CSR. This will help the managers to perform better and compete. There is very little relevance of CSR noticed in the sports management and marketing specially in football industry. Sports franchises are interesting phenomenon in respect to CSR to maintain profit and their success related to finances depends on the community support for the team (Beus, Matanda, and Michael 2016). There are different ownership and management model followed by the sports franchises. There are teams owned by a single owner of large multinational group. The sports manager needs to be aware of the developments that are taking place in the socio economic forum just like that o f the corporate managers taking in to consideration the stakeholders and their interests. The sports industry in Australia is huge business. Sports business in Australia contributes 7.9 billion dollars to the economy Australia and employment generated is around 95000. The imputed value for the voluntary contribution to sports is around 1.6 billion dollars (Paramio-Salcines et al. 2015). The industry ranks with the defense, transport and financial services in importance to the GDP of Australia. The increasing awareness related to the governance issues in the business helps in giving a framework for the evaluation of the emerging focus on the issues of governance in the professional sporting bodies. CSR in the football industry is important part for each clubs agenda it is more than just a trend of business. The activities communicated through this have not gathered enough of academic interest. This research report will help in the investigation of role of CSR in professional football and data collected through the sports franchises or the companies of the Australian Football. This would help in understanding their spending on the CSR and earnings from it. Research Problem/ Issue and the Description of the Organization/ IndustryThe researcher faced a lot of problems while conducting the entire research. One of the most important factors in this case is the cost factor. As a result, it was not possible for the researcher to reach out to more individuals in order to know their CSR value related to sports. the researcher also found it difficult to find the data that were collected regarding the contribution of the sports industry in the economy of Australia. The main reason for the problem was that the time period was limited. The researcher also found it difficult to make quantitative prediction. It also became difficult to make quantitative prediction and the analyzing the data was also time consuming. As far as qualitative research is concerned, there are relatively small numbers of individuals who participates in the research method. These participants are less probable to take the research process seriously (Hamari et al. 2014). One of the most important outdoor team sports in Australia is the Soccer sports also known as football. It was in the late 19th century, the British migrants introduced the modern Soccer in Australia. Wanderers were the first club that was formed in Australia in the year 1880. The National Soccer League was first introduced in the year 1977 (Soni, Verma, and Joshi 2016). However, later a fully professional league replaced it. The domestic Soccer competition runs throughout the year in Australia. However, the professional league takes place during the summer season and the semi-professional league takes place during the Australian winter season (Hallinan and Hughson 2013). The Football Federation Australia that is FFA governs the Soccer in Australia. At present, FFA is the member of the Asian Football Confederation as well as the regional ASEAN Football Federation. The Professional Footballers Australia mainly represents the former as well as current Australian expert players of Soccer ( Galbreath and Shum 2012). As per the records, in the year 2006 a total of 970,730 individuals in Australia participated in the sports (Stell and Salisbury 2015). Literature Review - As opined by (Trendafilova and Nguyen 2015), in the sports industry in Australia the Corporate Social responsibility (CSR), is a growing field of academic study. In the case of the high profile individuals who are associated with the Australian Sports industry, CSR has become a common factor. CSR is also known to have a youth appeal that helps the young people to get engaged to a CSR program that is associated with sports. CSR also helps to deliver a positive impact on the health with the help of the programs as well as proposals that are designed around physical exercise (Hassan, 2013). CSR also helps to aid the social communication by perpetually involving group participation. Thus, with the help of CSR the sports industry in Australia will receive an instantaneous benefit of indulgence. As opined by (Foreman 2012), the sports industry in Australia is a huge business and the sports industry contributes more than $7.9 billion in the economy of Australia. The sports industry also gen erates employment to more than 95,000 individuals (Kasemsap 2014). The most successful football code in the country is the Australian Football League which is also known to conduct the most admired national sports league. In Australia, there are almost sixteen clubs for football and a self-governing commission administers the Australian Football League and the commission members are elected by the clubs. The commissions are in turn responsible for the long-term development of the game. The Australian Football is responsible for generating revenue of $108.447 million and the turnover of each club is roughly $15 million (Vyas and Nalwaya 2015). The corporate social responsibility in the football sports is widely acknowledged by the corporatization of sports. The corporate performance of Football in Australia has been improved by considering three major drivers. The globalization of the business has been one of the major reasons which surpass the national laws as well as regulation. Th e growth in theThe Australian Football is a strange irony that is played almost completely and the Australian Football is also an outstanding entity. As per the reports, there are more individuals who are willing to participate in the Australian Football. The first resident of Australia as well as the Australian Football shares a rich entwined history (Bradbury and OBoyle 2013). The development of the game is one of the most vital parts of the Australian Football League as it provides broad national strategies across six core areas. The six core areas include participation, coaching, sports first aid, talent as well as umpiring, community and original programs and events (Coutts et al. 2015).The corporate social responsibility is one of the important parts in the football industry. The report mainly aims at filling up the gap of the literature by providing the ways in which corporate social responsibility is promoted. As opined by (Vrondou 2015), the corporate social responsibility has evolved as a noteworthy strategic issue for the modern corporation as well as it received augmented attention by the researches on the worldwide basis. The sport holds an economic importance in Australia as it employs more than 75,000 individuals in Australia. As per the reports, each year the households in Australia spends more than $A8.4 million on the services and commodities related to sports (Breitbarth et al. 2015). The people in Australia are fitting sports into their busy schedule with the objective of getting a healthy lifestyle. As opined by (Smith, 2012), the theory of the stakeholders suggests that the CSR or the corporate social responsibility requires the association of the sports industry to consider all the interest of the stakeholders which includes the investors as well as the consumers and the suppliers. The corporate drift towards the social responsibility symbolizes a vital opportunity for capitalizing a plea on sports. The operation of corporate social resp onsibility in the course of the sport offers considerable potential for society return. The enlistment of the sports as a vehicle in order to contribute to the corporate social responsibility is viewed as a distinct opportunity which is mainly for the organization which is in charge of the sports. The Sports industries in Australia are known to make the tradeoffs related to CSR. However, in the trade off related to sports industry in Australia, the consumers mainly demands for a better stadium, which fulfils the requirements of the community. there are two different ways in which CSR can act. The first one is that the sports industry can be good for CSR and the second is that the sports industry can be good for CSR. The dimension, which is associated with the social responsibility of the sports industry, should be acknowledged. The procedure of achieving the social return from sport is very uncertain and it also lacks a logical force for confederacy. The following are the features t hat are associated with the social responsibility of the sports: Social Interaction The Corporate social responsibility in the Sporting industry in Australia, offers a platform which helps to encourage the social interaction in a practical way. The programs which are associated with Soccer are mainly designed for social return which stimulates social consistency as well as fair play. The Football Association in Australia has made a noteworthy investment regarding the social responsibility. As per the reports, more than 40 percent of the income of FIFA goes directly towards the support of the grassroots of the game. The qualitative analysis is one of the best analyses that need to conduct while dealing with the corporate social responsibility of the sports industry in Australia. With the help of the analysis, the researcher was able to reveal that how the sports teams are engaged in a number of socially responsible activities. It has also been found that the different teams of the football industry in Australia puts into practice the diverse corporate social responsi bility which are mainly based on the core mission of the programs (Westerbeek and Smith 2012).The corporate socially responsible activities related to the Sporting Industry in Australia are not restricted to charitable donation, charity, initiatives related to education as well as health and the development of the community. Based on the qualitative analysis, a high degree of interdependence has been noticed among the local community actors as well as the organization associated with sports in the backdrop. Hence, there are a number of factors that have led to the corporate social responsibility in the Sports industry in Australia. There are mainly four categories that are included in the category of CSR. The four factors include compassion, community as well as the education initiatives of the youth (Hu et al. 2016). Research Methodology and Data Collection: Research Methodology is an important part of the research where there are certain defined methods that are used by the researcher. The researcher will be carrying survey by sending the questionnaire to the team owners and community relationship director for different clubs for total respondents of 50. The main aim is to see the function within the team and relationship with CSR.Research Philosophy: There are mainly three types of research philosophies i.e. Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism. In this particular research, the researcher will be using the method of Positivism. This would involve the scientific collection of the data, which is empirical in nature, and there is no interference with human thoughts. There is a need for a proper hypothesis with the data collected. There is an in-depth analysis of the future conducted through Positivism. The other concepts like Interpretivism and Realism does not consider the real issues and it is also time consuming. The structure that i s well defined with the definite rule and regulation is followed in Positivism (Mackey and Gass 2015).Research Approach: The research approach is important so that research is done accurately. The approaches that is used for the purpose of the research are deductive approach and inductive approach. The researcher in this research will be using the deductive approach. The approach will be dependent upon the conclusion derived from the approach. The inductive approach fails in considering the appropriate forms of recommendation and researcher would not be finding any base which the research is being performed (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). In case of the deductive approach, the researcher will be deriving some idea from the previous research that has been already conducted by many other researchers. This help in building knowledge and gathering of ideas.The researcher will be using the descriptive forms of research. The information will be availed by the researcher by getting a mo re wider and sound knowledge on the topic which is going to be gathered by the researcher (Blumberg, Cooper and Schindler 2014) . With the information that is gathered the researcher will be trying to develop the feelings and the ideas and put that is practical application as experienced from life. The other two types of research design are not considered as there is no detailed analysis and description that is available for the topic. Sampling: Sampling is a process through which a certain section of the total population is selected for the purpose of the research (Billig and Waterman 2014). There are mainly two types of sampling in a research i.e. the probability based sampling and non-probability based sampling. There is no biasness in the probability based sampling technique for the selection of the candidates. The research will be using probability based sampling technique for questioning the respondents. Team owners and community relationship director for different clubs for t otal respondents of 50 would be taken as sample Collection of data: The data collection is a technique, which helps in carrying out the research through the use of particular tool for the purpose of the research (Punch 2013). The data collection divisions are Quantitative and Qualitative. The researcher in this research will be using the quantitative form of research. The questionnaire framed is based on the 5 point-likert scale. All the questions are close ended.Quantitative Data Collection: In case of quantitative collection of data there are 50 respondents interrogated who are selected for the survey. The questionnaires would be sent through the online medium i.e. through the email. The options are provided for each of the possible questions in the questionnaire. Through this the researcher will be able to get the data that is required for the research and this would be helpful in carrying out the future researches. The statistics that is gathered will help in carrying forward th e study on the deeper understanding.Data Analysis: The data that is gathered from the primary sources is related to the journals and magazines that has been collected to frame the literature review. The data that has been collected will be represented in the form of chart and tables so that a clear understanding of the survey is made. The data collected is analyzed in the MS Excel software. Since the data collected is quantitative so it is very easily analyzed and interpreted.Accessibility Issues: The researcher has to face accessibility issue when performing the research. The collection of the data from the respondents is quite difficult. There were times when the researcher was not able receive the response from the target respondents. Since the medium of internet for accessing the respondents so they were reminded from time to time to fill up the questions for the research so that the tabulation of the data could be made within the time constraint. The collection of the email id of the community relationship directors and the team owners yet the researcher was able to get those from the credible sources. Ethical Requirements: Ethics in research is very important for a researcher. The questions that are framed in the questionnaire must not be made in such a way so that the sentiments of the respondents are not hurt. There is a need for applying ethics in all the stage of the research (Creswell 2013). It is quite important for upholding the ethics in this particular research and the research will be dependent upon the good will of the respondents for willing to share their personal information on their awareness , behavior and attitude (Walter. and Andersen 2013). The researcher should be able to build up a trust so that they are able to deliver the accurate information. The permission of the respondent by the researcher is very important. One must not advantage of the easy to access group, as they are easy to access. The sound type of ethical considerations suggests that the researcher needs to protect and preserve the dignity, privacy and freedom of the participants in the research (Gustafsson Herrmann an d Huber 2013. The respondents must be made to learn the nature and purpose of the research so that they can decide whether to engage in the research or not. This will be able to protect against possible harm and providing of the explicit opportunities to refuse or terminate the participant any time. If the respondents do not understand the subject matter then the results can be manipulative in nature. Data Analysis and Findings: The researcher uses the primary research for collection of the data. The quantitative form of data collection would be used for the research with some of the close-ended questions. The questionnaire is going to be distributed through the online channel. The responses that are gathered are represented in the form charts and diagrams using the Ms Excel Software. References: Beus, S., Matanda, M.J. and Michael, T., 2016. Turning Brand Undesirables in Brand Heroes: Capitalising on Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport Sponsorship Alliances. In Marketing Challenges in a Turbulent Business Environment (pp. 233-238). Springer International Publishing.Billig, S.H. and Waterman, A.S. eds., 2014. Studying service-learning: Innovations in education research methodology. Routledge.Blumberg, B.F., Cooper, D.R. and Schindler, P.S., 2014. Business research methods. McGraw-hill education.Blumrodt, J., Bryson, D. and Flanagan, J., 2012. European football teams' CSR engagement impacts on customer-based brand equity. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(7), pp.482-493.Bradbury, T. and OBoyle, I., 2013. 18 The future Trends and challenges in sport. Sport Governance: International Case Studies, p.277.Breitbarth, T., Walzel, S., Anagnostopoulos, C. and van Eekeren, F., 2015. Governance and CSR management in sport. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 15(2).Chen, B.H., Chen, M.H., Tai, P.N. and Hsiung, W.C., 2015. Constructing the Corporate Social Responsibility Indicators of Professional Sport Organization. International Journal of Business Administration, 6(5), p.p75.Clapp, J. and Rowlands, I.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility. Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance, p.42.Cortsen, K. 2013. The application of 'strategic CSR' in the sports industry. Kenneth Cortsen. Retrieved 13 July 2016, from https://kennethcortsen.com/the-application-of-strategic-csr-in-the-sports-industry/Creswell, J.W., 2013. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.Ehie, I.C., 2016. Examining the corporate social responsibility orientation in developing countries: an empirical investigation of the Carroll's CSR pyramid. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 11(1), pp.1-20.Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a re search project. Sage.Foreman, J. 2012, Corporate Governance Issues In A Professional Sport. JULIE A. FOREMAN.Gajjar, B., 2013. Ethical consideration in research. International Journal for Research in Education, 2(7).Galbreath, J. and Shum, P., 2012. Do customer satisfaction and reputation mediate the CSRFP link? Evidence from Australia. Australian Journal of Management, 37(2), pp.211-229.Gustafsson, A., Herrmann, A. and Huber, F. eds., 2013. Conjoint measurement: Methods and applications. Springer Science Business Media.Hallinan, C.J. and Hughson, J.E., 2013. The Containment of Soccer in Australia: Fencing Off the World Game. Routledge.Hamari, J., Koivisto, J. and Sarsa, H., 2014, January. Does gamification work?--a literature review of empirical studies on gamification. In 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 3025-3034). IEEE.Hamil, S. and Morrow, S. 2011. Corporate social responsibility in the Scottish Premier League: Context and motivation. European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 11(2). pp.143-170.Hassan, D., 2013. Managing the business of sport. Managing the Business of Sport: An Introduction, p.446.Hu, K.H., Chen, F.H. and Tzeng, G.H., 2016. Evaluating the Improvement of Sustainability of Sports Industry Policy Based on MADM. Sustainability,8(7), p.606.Inoue, Y. and Havard, C.T., 2014. Determinants and Consequences of the Perceived Social Impact of a Sport Event. Journal of Sport Management,28(3).Kasemsap, K., 2014. The Role of Sports Marketing in the Global Marketplace. Marketing and Consumer Behavior: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, p.306.Kitzmueller, M. and Shimshack, J., 2012. Economic perspectives on corporate social responsibility. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(1), pp.51-84.Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.Manimalar, R. and Sudha, S., 2016. Corporate Ethical and Legal Responsibility: Eff ects of CSR on Consumer Trust and Brand Loyalty. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 9(6), pp.7-19.Mazodier, M., Plewa, C., Palmer, K. and Quester, P.G., 2015. Achieving corporate social responsibility through sponsorship. Routledge Handbook of Sports Marketing, p.317.Mertens, D.M., 2014. Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications.Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches.Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches.Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..Paramio-Salcines, J.L., Babiak, K. and Walters, G., 2013. CSR within the sports industry: an overview of an emerging academic field. Routledge handbook of sport and corporate social responsibility. Routledge, London, pp.1-16.Paramio-Salcines, J.L., Babiak, K. and Walters, G., 2013. CSR Within The Sport Industry. Routledge Handbook of Sport and Corporate Social Responsibility, p.1.Picariello, M. and Trendafilova, S.,2012. Corporate Social Responsibility In Sport: The Case Of Italian Soccer.Plewa, C., Conduit, J., Quester, P.G. and Johnson, C., 2015. The impact of corporate volunteering on CSR image: A consumer perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(3), pp.643-659.Punch, K.F., 2013. Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage.Salcines, J.L.P., Babiak, K. and Walters, G., 2013. Routledge handbook of sport and corporate social responsibility. Routledge.Soni, A., Verma, R. and Joshi, M.C., 2016. Sports Goods Foundation of Australia: A Case Study of a Solution Based NGO. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 9(4), pp.52-63.Stell, M. and Salisbury, C., 2015. Its Bigger than the Olympics: changing Australia through football and the 1974 FIFA World Cup. Soccer Society,16(2-3), pp.245-258.Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault , M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.Trendafilova, S. and Nguyen, S., 2015. Corporate social responsibility and the environment in the sport industry. Sport Management and the Natural Environment: Theory and Practice, pp.76-87.Vyas, R. and Nalwaya, N., 2015. Sports as a CSR Initiative: Empowering the Youth. Youth Empowerment (Book), Himanshu Publication.Walter, M. and Andersen, C., 2013. Indigenous statistics: A quantitative research methodology. Left Coast Press.Westerbeek, H. and Smith, A. (2012). Sport as a Vehicle for Deploying Corporate Social Responsibility. pp.4-9.

Japanese Communication free essay sample

In the Japanese culture, most every kind of communication and action depends on hierarchy. Hierarchy and seniority are extremely Important In Japan. When bowing to each other, the person of lower status bows more deeply, When In negotiations, the Japanese expect each side to send people of the same age and position, and they literally sit directly across the table from each other during discussions. In the order of speaking, the person with the highest status speaks last; no matter what is said or determined in a negotiation, the person with highest status speaks the last and most important words.In the same respect, a person of higher status speaks in a polite or casual speech, but the person of lower status is required to use super-polite or respectful speech. The Japanese do not use words that are too harsh or strong. They often use maybe and l think so, and they usually means the person feels very strongly about something, although Americans look at It as being weak or indecisive. We will write a custom essay sample on Japanese Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Japanese use the phrase had better Instead of should, and are shocked to ear that It sounds Like a warning or threat.They have been taught that It Is more polite. Some other examples of being based on hierarchy are Japanese seating arrangements, and the exchanging of business cards. For Instance, pertaining to seating, when sitting in a taxi, the person of higher status sits directly behind the driver, and the lowest ranking person sits next to the driver. When exchanging business cards, which is a very important formality of Japanese businessmen, the people with a higher level exchange their cards first, and then on down the line.At any level of status, when a business card is received, the title on the card is immediately checked to verify the status of the person giving the card. When speaking in a group, the Japanese regard one as having character and maturity when they speak for the good of the group; not weak, as Americans would consider themselves. Speaking out, regardless what the rest of the group thinks makes an American look ridiculous, with no credibility. And disagreeing too strongly makes one look Immature to the Japanese.A Japanese businessman will remain silent If he Is to sure of his ability to speak perfect English, so as not to embarrass himself. The Japanese hierarchy is understood across all cultures. The person with higher status or older age, automatically gains the respect of others. For instance, a supervisor in a factory tells his workers to do something a certain way, with no explanation as to why. If a worker were to question him, he would respond with something like Because I have thirty years of experience and I say you should do it this way! The Japanese expect no less than perfection in any product.To the Japanese eye, the slightest effect in a product indicates the overall quality of the company, its workers, and its management. The Japanese often express themselves with body language. For instance, eye contact Is considered rude and uncomfortable, and can be a sign of aggression In some cases; praying hands mean asking for a favor, forgiveness, or showing thanks for a meal; one arm extended, as In praying, means excuse me; crossing arms in front of yourself indicates disagreement, yet crossing arms in front giving a gift, it is required that you bow while holding the gift with both hands.The Japanese share common values and assumptions that are based on a very standardized educational system. Because of this, they need less spoken words to communicate. They often commu nicate with each other with very few words, a motion, or even silence. People of other countries use much more spoken words, and find it hard to understand how much the Japanese are trying to get across. Perhaps if all countries were as efficient as the Japanese in communication, the people of the world would get along better. Or at least in a more accurate manner.

Inheritance Anomaly in Object Oriented Programming

Inheritance Anomaly in Object Oriented Programming 1. Motivation concurrent-OO languages provide maximum computatinal and modeling power through concurrency of objects, encapsulation and code re-use. It has been found that synchronization code cannot be inherited without non-trivial redefinitions, this phenomenon is known as Inheritance Anomaly. Inheritance Anomaly is more severe than violation of class encapsulation in sequential language. Inheritance anomaly entails a severe drawback for the development of large-scale and complex systems in Object Oriented Concurrent Programming(OOCP) languages because greatest benefit of using the OO framework are inheritance and encapsulation. Better more reusable, mechanisms are needed to create and structure synchronization code.2. Abstract Inheritance Anomaly refers to the serious difficulty in combining inheritance and concurrency in a simple and satisfactory way within a concurrent Object-Oriented Language. The problem is closely connected with the need to impose synchronization constraints on the acceptance of a message by an object. In most concurrent object-oriented languages this synchronization is achieved by synchronization code controlling the acceptance of messages by objects.Platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, Torrance...Synchronization code is often hard to inherit and tends to require extensive redefinitions. This paper surveys the work of many researchers on Inheritance Anomaly in OOCP Languages. The main emphasis on how to avoid or minimize inheritance anomaly. The goal of this paper is to express as faithfully as possible a wide range of synchronization scheme. We would see how each scheme attempt to inherit and re-use the code of concurrent objects which results in breakage of encapsulation. Bringing different models under a common semantic framework makes easier to understand what different models have in common and how they differ, to find deep connections between them.3. Introduction Concurrency and inheritance have conflicting characteristics, thereby inhibiting their simultaneous use without heavy breakage of encapsulation. This phenomenon forcing of redefinitions of inherited methods in order to maintain the integrity of...

Film evaluation abt either action or fantasy (not science fiction) or Essay

Film evaluation abt either action or fantasy (not science fiction) or animation or legal drama - Essay Example Jerry begins with interviewing Susan Alexander the second wife of Kane who runs her own pub but she refuses to give her any information about Kane, this forces jerry to go into the private collection of Walter Parks Thatcher who was a banker and acted as a guardian to Kane during his childhood; this helps jerry understand Kane’s childhood. In addition, he also interviewed Mr Bernstein who was Kane’s personal manager, his estranged friend Jedidah Leyland, his butler Raymond and Susan, his second wife. The flashbacks got from people close to Kane reveal that he spent his childhood in poverty in Colorado up to the time when a gold mine was discovered in his parents’ piece f land, during that time, he was sent to live with Thatcher in order to attend school. When he reached 25 years he took up his inheritance, invested in the ‘New York inquirer and hired the best journalists and went ahead to marry the president’s niece and vies for the position of gover nor in New York. His marriage begins to get sour, which leads him to have an affair with a singer by the name Susan Alexander whom he later marries when his first wife discovers about it and leaves him. In his last years, Kane was keener in building his empire and he only interacted with his staff members. At the end of the film, jerry finds out that he could not be able to solve the mystery of ‘rosebud’ therefore he theorizes that it was something that Kane could not achieve or something that he lost. It is revealed that ‘rosebud’ referred to a toboggan that Kane had from his childhood, which alluded to the time in his life when he was genuinely happy. Welles, who was the director of the movie, managed the publicity to ensure the influence of the movie fro Hearst’s life remained undetected- Hearst was a rich businessperson in the media industry. This did not work and Hearst was infuriated with it and wanted the film not to show in any screens, he therefore offered to compensate Welles for all

Ethics in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics in Business - Essay Example Whenever there is discussion about saving or preserving ecosystem, majority concentrates about land and very few people pay attention to sea and species living in it. The attention of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and towards preserving fish and limiting annual catch limit is worth appreciating, as very few people pay attention to this aspect of the ecosystem. It is really very important for balanced Ecosystem. This proposed regulation will certainly affect people in fisheries business as with the implementation of this regulation Annual Catch Limit will be fixed, and people in fisheries business will be able to catch fish up to the specified annual catch limit only. 2) The proposal is to make changes to 5 fishery ecosystem plans in order to create a method or rule to specify annual catch limit (ACLs) & accountability measures (AMs) (Sutinen Jon G., 2005). The suggested proposal will be helpful in balancing eco system and mainly concentrates on the problem of over fishing. The proposal specifies that fishery management plan of every council must contain a method to specify annual catch limit, to prevent over fishing. Accountability measures are also needed to diminish or correct any surpass of annual catch limit.

Technical Efficiency of China's Banking Industry Literature review

Technical Efficiency of China's Banking Industry - Literature review Example Nonetheless, most economies have been able to exhibit resilience and remained stronger. Economic turbulences and dynamisms have affected different industries within various global economies. China’s banking industry has not been spared from such turbulences and dynamisms hence the need to analyze its technical efficiency. The following chapter provides a chronological description and critique of relevant theories in respect to technical efficiency within China’s banking industry. The chronological description and critical review entails empirical papers linked to the concept of the study. Different theories of efficiency with respect to technical efficiency are discussed within this chapter. 2.2 Overview of China’s Banking Industry China has being operating economic and financial system on the basis of social principles until 1978. Amazingly, the People’s Bank of China (PBC) had for a long time been in-charge of issuing currencies as well as being the fina ncial hub of all the economic plans of China. After 1978, China realized the need for serious economic and financial reforms. The objective of such reforms was to increase economic and technical efficiency of financial and economic sectors within the country (Jiang, 2001). Jiang (2001) adds that China aimed at enhancing resource allocation through such reforms. Albeit gradual, serious reforms were carried out in major sectors of the economy, banking being the main recipient (Adams, Berger, & Sickles, 1999). China decided effect the reforms in two main stages; from 1979 to 1992 and from 1993 to the present time. The first stage was characterized by development of two tier banking systems; People’s Bank of China (Central Bank) and four state-owned banks that included Bank of China (BOC), China Construction Bank (CCB), Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), and Commercial Bank of China (CBC). Despite high degrees of functional segmentations, these banks were permitted to accept depos its and offer credit facilities to households and corporate organizations by 1985 (China Daily, 2006). The first stage formed the basis of further reforms, which was characterized with development of small and medium sized commercial banks. The main reason for allowing entrance of commercial banks within Chinese banking system was to enhance competition, which was aimed at providing high quality and differentiated services and products (Jiang, 2001). Examples of small and medium commercial banks created during this period included CITI Industrial Bank, Guangdong Development Banks (GDB), China Merchants Bank (CMB), Hua Xia Bank (HXB), and China Everbright Bank (CEB) (China Daily, 2006). Notably, most of these commercial banks were joint-stock owned unlike the previously mentioned state-owned. The second stage, which was flagged off by State Council in 1993 saw various decisions made within the financial system reforms (Leigh and Podpiera, 2006). In this stage, the main aim was to enh ance c

Horizontal Integration And Conglomerate Diversification Marketing Essay

Horizontal Integration And Conglomerate Diversification Marketing Essay 1: Define and distinguish between the following pairs of grand strategies: Horizontal integration is a grand strategy based on growth the acquisition of similar firms operating at the same stage of the production-marketing chain. (Pearce, p. 218) Vertical integration is the grand strategy based on the acquisition of firms that supply the acquiring firm with inputs or new customers for its outputs. (Pearce, p. 220) Horizontal integration acquires more entities within the same level of the supply chain where vertical integration acquires entities up and down the supply chain to control the entire production and distribution process from raw materials to final consumer. Conglomerate diversification is the grand strategy that involves the acquisition of a business because it presents the most promising investment opportunity available. (Pearce, p. 221) Concentric diversification involves the acquisition of a second business that benefits from access to the first firms core competencies. (Pearce, 221) Concentric diversification seeks synergies between its acquisitions where conglomerate diversification does not. Newell Rubbermaid is an example of a large conglomerate that has begun to look for more concentric diversifications in the last 10 years divesting businesses that are not good fits for the overall portfolio. Product development is the growth strategy that involves the substantial modification of existing products that can be marketed to current customers. (Pearce, p. 216) Innovation is a grand strategy that seeks to reap the premium margins associated with creation and customer acceptance of a new product or service. (Pearce, p. 216) Innovation is truly difficult to make profitable. It requires a significant amount of research, time, and financial resources. Many more companies practice product development and use the term innovation. Joint venture is a grand strategy in which companies create a co-owned business that operates for their mutual benefit. (Pearce, p. 230) Strategic alliances are contractual partnerships where the companies involved do not take an equity position in one another. (Pearce, p. 232) Strategic alliances can be between companies with similar customer bases that can benefit from each others resources such as a distribution network. Joint ventures are much more complicated and longer term. Each entity has rights and ownership into one common business. This is much more common when US firms begin to do business in countries like China and Mexico. 2: What are three ways a firm can incorporate the advantage of speed in its business? Speed to market, or rapid response to customer requests has become a major source of competitive advantage in the global market. We live and work in an environment where everyone wants everything now. The customer has an unmet need and does not want to wait for your firm to provide a product that meets their need. This can be an important market strategy if the firm in question can quickly adjust products or processes to meet the customers needs fast. First, customer responsiveness. All customers have dealt with frustrations related to delays or slow service. The same holds true from business to business. Quick response with useful solutions, information, and products can become the basis of a competitive advantage especially if the firm can consistently deliver faster than the competition. Second, product development cycles. There are automotive companies that have worked to streamline product development taking a new product from concept to production within less than 9 months. Todays marketplace thrives on newness, and products may only last for a year or two from launch to grave. Being efficient at product development is a key strategy. Third, speed in delivery or distribution. Firms that can get you what you need, when you need it (even when its tomorrow) will have a competitive advantage. A key example of this is the Batesville Casket Company. Funeral homes across the country do not stock all designs and styles of caskets, yet they can meet with a client at 5pm on one day and have their exact custom order delivered before noon the next day anywhere in the country. This is done through an intricate network of distribution centers that stock one of everything. When one item is pulled from the distribution center, manufacturing begins to make the replacement. 3: How does market focus help a business create competitive advantage? What risks accompany such a posture? Market focus allows some businesses to compete on the basis of low cost, differentiation, and rapid response against much larger businesses with greater resources. Focus lets a business learn its target customer in greater detail and develop personal relationships that will differentiate the smaller firm or make it more valuable to the target customer. Market focus may also be an advantage because it will reduce the number of competitors in a market. For example, if your firm sells and delivers floral bouquets, you may compete with large global firms like 1800Flowers or FTD. By focusing on the needs of the local market that the large firms have ignored, your firm may be able to gain an advantage over the larger firms. The risk of market focus is that you attract major competitors that have waited for your business to prove the market. They let you be the guinea pig, and now that the market seems to be agreeable, they will swoop in and begin taking customers and market share. Your firm may also risk being bought out or taken over by a larger firm that wants to expand and fill out its portfolio. The greatest risk is assuming that it is focus alone, and not some combination of price, differentiation, or rapid response that is creating the businesses success. 4: When would multi-industry companies find the portfolio approach to strategic analysis and choice useful? Portfolio approaches provide several contributions to strategic analysis by corporate managers. First, they allow for the transfer of competitive advantage of professional management across a broad array of businesses. They help convey large amounts of information about diverse business units and corporate plans in a simplified format. They illuminate similarities and differences between business units and help convey the logic of corporate strategies for each business with a common vocabulary. The portfolio approach simplifies priorities for sharing corporate resources across diverse business units that generated and used those resources. They provide a simple prescription that gives corporate managers a sense of what they should accomplish and a way to control and allocate resources between them. (Pearce, p. 283) Multi-industry companies would find this approach useful when it is not clear which business provides the greatest revenue or generates the largest market share or financial gains for the company. The portfolio approach is a systematic way to compare common criteria across all businesses in the portfolio. Case Study Exercises: 1: How would you describe VWs new advertising strategy? Volkswagens new advertising strategy is to regain American interest in the Volkswagen brand. Volkswagen held strong market position in the 1970s based on the success of the VW Beetle and Transporter. Sales were strong until the introduction of the VW Rabbit in the US in the early 1980s. The Rabbit was popular but known to catch fire or have other mechanical problems, giving the Rabbit and VW a reputation for poor quality. After severely declining sales in the 1990s, Volkswagen hired Crispin Porter and Bogusky to completely rebrand the Volkswagen in 2006. Crispin had a strong history of creating memorable marketing and advertising campaigns that turned around several major US brands like Burger King and MINI. Crispin started the strategy by defining the new target market, and determining what the perception was in the 18-30 yr old male audience. Crispin Porter and Bogusky used a strong web based campaign to attract the target audience, and added enough edge and controversy to get people of all demographics talking about Volkswagen. The strategy of using the web and a German dominatrix type blonde named Helga that the user could interact with on the GTI website, gained in popularity but offended and alienated woman who were also VW customers. Many believed the campaign degraded or looked over women as a target market. The strategy worked for a short period of time but was unable to overcome the mixed product message that Volkswagen was sending with offerings ranging from expensive luxury cars to econo-friendly hatchbacks. Now, four years later, VW Americas is still struggling to improve sales and gain market share. 2: What appear to be DHLs most important competitive advantages? Are they best suited to a mature industry or a growth industry? Which way would you characterize the U.S. parcel market and the global parcel market? DHLs most important competitive advantages are its global presence, strong parent company financial support, and willingness to have face to face relationships with its customers. DHL holds a commanding 40% market share in Europe and Asia, but struggles to gain over a 7% market share in the US. This is primarily because the competition, FedEx and UPS, have spent decades and billions of dollars building delivery networks and infrastructures and huge economies of scale. DHL wants to become the next FedEx or UPS in the United States in order to further strengthen their overall global footprint. In order for DHL to continue to be successful in the future, they have to be successful in the US. DHL has a strong global delivery system but lacks in US domestic delivery. This became most evident in November 2008 when DHL ceased all US domestic shipping operations. The US parcel market is a mature market because over the past 40 years the market has developed a structure and market leaders that are serving the needs of nearly all customer groups. This market saturation and duration do not leave a lot of room for a new start up to gain any ground. The US geographic is much more spread out than DHL is use to dealing with in Europe. This dynamic adds complexity and requires a larger structure to manage. DHL is much better suited to a growth industry than a mature industry. A growth industry has the opportunity for many competitors to develop the market at the same rate without one being at a disadvantage over any others. DHL has a strength in developing relationship with customers that works well in a growth market, where relationships are key to expanding the market. 3: What does eBays corporate or multi-business strategy for the twenty-first century appear to be? Ebays corporate business strategy is to be a company that provides services for all the kinds of activities that people perform on the internet: trade, communicate, shop, search, and entertain. (Pearce, p. 299) Investors, however, are struggling to see Ebay as more than an online auction site. Over the past 5 years, Ebay has purchased what seems to be a hodge podge of companies with little common connection. PayPal seemed to be a logical fit, as a means to facilitate buyers and sellers on the Ebay auction site. But, Skype and others seem to be farther stretches for the investment community to understand. If you look at ebay as a company that is in business to facilitate trade then the acquisitions make more sense. Time will tell if the online auction giant can gain the trust of the investment world and change their mind about who Ebay is and what it does. Strategic Management Plan: 1: Using one (or a combination) of the 15 grand strategies outlined in the text, write long-term objectives for your selected company that exhibit the seven qualities of long-term objectives: Acceptable Flexible Measurable Motivating Suitable Understandable Achievable. In order to increase value creation for shareholders, Cooper Tire and Rubber Company will improve global cost structure and increase targeted profitable growth. Global Cost Structure Sourcing and LCC Manufacturing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 35 45 % of Manufacturing in LCC à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Meet Demand à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lower Global Cost Structure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reduce Complexity Short Term Goals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ramp Up CKT 6 million tires (China) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Expand at CCT +2 million tires (China) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Offtake agreement with Mexico à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Offtake agreements at other locations Long Term Goals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Analyze expansion of existing LCC facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify and evaluate potential JV partners à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Analyze Greenfield options in LCC Manufacturing Cost Reductions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 10 15 % reduction in addressable cost base à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Continue with high quality manufacturing Programs to achieve à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Process efficiency improvements à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Complexity reduction and management à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Automation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Distribution Targeted Profitable Growth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Total Company = 6 to 7% CAGR à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global Net Sales = > $3.6 billion > 60.9 million units Programs to achieve North America Channel Alignment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Grow in all Channels, Growth not equal in all channels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Continue Support of Independent Dealers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Align organization and strategy to each channels needs Asia Grow TBR and PCR Truck and Bus Radial (TBR) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Focus TBR on Tier 2 and 3 Products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Continue to develop retail sales à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Focused growth in fleet sales Passenger Car Radial (PCR) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Build in areas with greatest car parks (east coast) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shift production used for export sales to domestic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Elevate the brand à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Continue to develop retail sales Europe Focused Growth Targeted approach with resources geared toward priorities Existing Cooper Strengths PLUS Brand focus Highly focused sales by product segment Greater channel focus 2: In 2 pages or less, describe the grand business strategy or strategies that you will select to seek sustained competitive advantage. Why did you select this strategy or strategies? Cooper Tire Rubber Company has chosen to use new product development and joint venture as grand strategies to seek competitive advantage in the global replacement tire industry. Product Development is used to prolong the product lifecycle or build on the reputation of the brand. Cooper Tire plans to do strengthen this as a strategy by adding resources and enhancing regional technology centers in Asia and Europe. Additional organization of resources into continuous product and process improvement teams through the use of LEAN and Six Sigma techniques will aid the product development process. Cooper must also modify the research structure to improve research knowledge base. Advanced Technology and Shelf Technology combined with computer modeling and simulation will help with a focused development effort leading to fewer iterations and faster product development. Cooper can also utilize external resources by leveraging vendors and academic institutions to provide innovations and technological advancements in tire construction and materials. By applying a stage gate process, Cooper will enhance decision making process, and align it with global goals. Joint Ventures occur when two or more capable firms lack a necessary component for success in a particular competitive environment. Cooper Tire has a strong market share in the US and looks to continually expand into new global markets. Cooper Tire has two active joint ventures in China. Coopers joint venture allows them easier entry into the Chinese domestic market while creating a supply in a low cost country. The Chinese replacement tire market is increasing at a 17% year over year rate, which is a great expansion opportunity for Cooper. As Cooper uses the joint ventures for the production of tires, they are also focusing on building retail distribution in areas with greatest car park (along Eastern coast). These strategies will help to expand the Cooper business and global market share.

Harriet Tubman Essay -- biographies bio biography

Harriet Tubman (1820-1913) Harriet Tubman is probably the most famous â€Å"conductor† of all the Underground Railroads. Throughout a 10-year span, Tubman made more than 20 trips down to the South and lead over 300 slaves from bondage to freedom. Perhaps the most shocking fact about Tubman’s journeys back and forth from the South was that she â€Å"never lost a single passenger.† Harriet Tubman was born into slavery in Maryland around 1820. By the time Tubman had reached the age of 5 or 6, she started working as a servant in her master’s household. Approximately seven years after she began working as a servant, Tubman was sent to work out in the fields. While Tubman was still a teenager, she sustained an injury that would affect her for the rest of her life. One day, Tubman stood up for another slave and blocked a doorway in order to protect them from an upset overseer. The overseer threw a weight at one of the field hands, missing them and instead hitting Tubman on the head. Tubman was never able to fully heal from the wound she sustained from the overseer. This injury caused a chroni...